Introducing new vocabulary: here are some approaches to try.
§ using images - clip art images are sometimes clearer than photographs for individual items, so consider making worksheets using say 10 clip-art images. You can put the words in a box at the top and see if the learners can match any to the appropriate image. Clip art often photocopies better than photos too.
§ photographs should be clear and large enough to be enlarged without pixellating. They can be very effective if you can project them using a digital projector.
§ realia: real objects are a very effective way of introducing some vocabulary items - not only the name of the object, but also colours, shapes, textures, materials etc
§ the classroom itself, the school building, and the immediate surroundings are rich in vocabulary - take you class outside to meet and learn the vocabulary of roads and traffic, for example
§ reading texts have the vocabulary embedded in a context, and are obviously a rich source of vocabulary. Be careful not to overdo the vocabulary focus of a text, however - a long list of words quickly becomes tedious and forgettable. When appropriate, use texts to focus on collocations and chunks of language, rather than simply individual words.
§ songs may also contain some good items - but make sure that the words are clearly audible and distinguishable (The Beatles lyrics, for example, are really clear)
§ learner dictionaries can also be used to focus on new words, especially when combined with a worksheet that guides the learners towards the target words
§ miming can be effective, especially at lower levels - miming verbs and some adjectives is relatively straightforward but miming nouns less so!
§ building a lexical field is a good way to build on some basic items: for example, if the field is "food and cooking" and the learners already know two or three vegetables, you can add another three or four
§ you can develop the above by using mindmaps based on a topic or lexical field, which can also be a good way to revise and practise vocabulary
§ see the Oxford Teachers' Club online resources for English File, which has 100+ topic-based mindmaps at seven levels: https://elt.oup.com/teachers/englishfile
§ and the Oxford Teachers' Club online resources for Navigate, which has 100+ topic-based mind maps at six levels: https://elt.oup.com/teachers/navigateelt.oup.com/teachers/navigate
§ working with (near) synonyms and antonyms can be good, especially at mid and higher levels
§ word family tables are another way of building on basic items: for example, if the learners know examination, you can introduce the verb and the noun for the person in charge